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One Twin Went To Space For a Year, When He Came Back The Changes Were Compelling

Science loves twins. The ability to take one twin as a placebo and the other as the change factor works incredibly well since the twins are practically identical physically. No surprise, science goes bananas studying all the differences that can occur. That’s what happened with the Kelly twins, when Scott and Mark both became astronauts. Scientists decided to send one into space to study what physical changes happened — they were not disappointed with their findings…

Twins Expect Scrutiny

Mark and Kelly were not surprised by the attention they got. Twins regularly raise eyebrows, and the two brothers wondered whether they would end up being in a twin experiment when they got older. Their suspicions proved correct. In 2015, they became part of a stellar experiment.

Control Versus Experiment

For the twin study to work, one of them had to be a control factor. That meant one would stay on earth staying the same without any change. The other would go up in space to see what kind of differences would occur with a long-term space assignment. NASA had a boatload of surprises when the experiment was completed.

Mark on Earth

For Mark, the twin staying earthbound, life was pretty much the same. He continued to keep living, working, eating and entertaining himself as before without any change. His brother Scott, in space, had an entirely different regimen.

Scott in Space

For Scott, the long-term assignment aboard the International Space Station, or ISS, was a very confined, scheduled existence. Every hour in space mattered for NASA, so the lives of the astronauts was pretty much booked from wake up to go to sleep, and even their sleep was monitored for studies.

Stress Everywhere

Along with all the space assignments, Scott was spending everyday focused on producing results. That triggers a lot of mental stress in anyone, and NASA was busy measuring every iota of information about what was happening to Scott physically during the space assignment. For an entire year the process continued. NASA collected data and samples from both brothers which would later be used in comparison.

Scott’s Return

Finally, the day arrived that Scott would be back on earth. Because there isn’t a particular bus station for returning astronauts, the team ended up touching down in Russia. Scott not only got to go to space, he got to visit another country on his return to the planet. All was good it seemed. In his photo flanked by Russian scientists, Scott was all thumbs up.

Initial Studies

The first initial studies of Scott versus Mark showed significant changes to the space-borne brother. Space is entirely different on the body without gravity. The immediate changes were to Scott’s internal system. He had significant fluid deposit in his head and torso. Scott also has a changed metabolism, and his immune system was working at full tilt.

DNA-Related Changes

Scott wasn’t just changed in terms of things moving around inside him. He had been changed genetically. Scott’s DNA started having mistakes in its replication due to be in space for so long. That triggered physical changes to Scott that even his brother could see.

A Unique Study

The Mark-Kelly Twins study was a game-changer for NASA. It was the first time the space organization could really dissect what happens to a person at the genetic level and up when spending a year in space. The research will have a profound impact on future space missions given what it highlighted for scientists about what can happen to the body in space.

Changes as the Chromosome Level

Space affected Scott in how his chromosomes behaved and developed. They actually extended and grew longer. But when he was back on earth, things didn’t go back to “normal” the way he was before. Scott’s chromosomes stayed changed.

Stripped Protection

The end of the chromosomes are protected by telomeres. As Scott returned, gravity and earth’s environment took effect, and his chromosomes lost their extended length. But the protective telomeres ended up being shorter than normal.

Age and Telomeres

The ends of the chromosomes are a key indicators how physical old a person is. When we are children, they tend to be very long. As we age, the telomeres shrink more and more. Then we become more vulnerable to age-related problems. Scott’s telomeres had shrunk considerably, indicating rapid aging of his internal physical DNA.

Continued Studies

Mark and Scott are very likely to continue being studied as a result of the space mission to the end of their lives. NASA and a lot of other scientists are very curious to see what the telomeres change will mean for Scott’s longevity versus Mark and whether there is a predictable connection.

Nobody is Calling the Game Yet

Many will assume that by keeping telomeres longer, it can equal youth retention. However, NASA is very quick to argue that Scott’s telomeres which grew very long in space in fact aged faster in that environment than on Earth. So forced extension is not a fix or cure with this flawed logic.

The Opposite May Be True

Extended space travel may turn out to be highly risky and damaging to humans. And that brings into question how in the world, or out of the world, humans will be able to maintain long-term space exploration if their bodies age prematurely? Or do we make great sacrifices for space exploration and accept the risk? No one is making that decision yet, but the study raises a new, serious concern.

Do the Twins Still Match?

The general question when Scott got back to Earth was whether the two brothers still looked identical or did Space dramatically change the bond they had on the planet before the launch.

Mark Did It

As it turned out, Mark was enjoying himself quite a bit on land, even growing a mustache. So, right up front, he may have fouled up some comparisons by his own living c hoices. Mark turned out to have more DNA changes in total due to his lifestyle. That said, Scott had a few secrets he brought home with him.

Slower Thinking

Scott’s eye shape had been modified by the space stay, but everything was working slower in his mind. His brain cognitive speed had slowed down, and now he has a higher risk for heart disease.

Further Studies

NASA wants to keep studying twins as much as possible, but the practical aspect of getting twins ready to be astronauts with all the necessary study and training is an almost impossible job. It’s hard enough just to be an astronaut, but to find twins from an early age and steer them to the career is unheard of. Mark and Scott Kelly were an anomaly from the start.

Definitive Result #1

NASA did come out with one clearly positive result from the study – the organization could effectively study the genetic status of an astronaut on a long-term space mission, which had never been done before. That opens the door for a lot of new research going forward.

Definitive Result #2

Given the results of what happened to Scott, the deep thinkers at NASA are going to have a lot to work on with trying to figure out how safely engage a mission to Mars. Any such venture will have an extensive time requirement on a given astronaut with serious physical effects. The implications have to be addressed now to make the mission success probable. Which is a new challenge now defined and clear versus being a theoretical what-if problem for NASA engineers.

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Google’s HeAR AI: A Future of Diagnosing Diseases with Sound

Danielle S

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Google is making strides in the world of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly with a system that could revolutionize how doctors diagnose diseases. Imagine a world where your cough could be the key to an early diagnosis of illnesses like COVID-19 or tuberculosis. Google’s AI, known as Health Acoustic Representations (HeAR), is a step towards this future.

HeAR has been trained on millions of audio clips that capture a wide range of human sounds, including coughs. This massive collection of sounds is what sets HeAR apart. It allows the AI to learn and identify the unique characteristics of different respiratory diseases.

Traditionally, doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms, tests, and sometimes, the sounds of a patient’s cough or breathing. However, this method can be subjective and limited by the doctor’s experience. Google’s AI system aims to make this process more objective and accurate by using machine learning. This means that the AI can improve its diagnostic abilities over time, learning from the vast array of sounds it has been trained on.

Dr. Yael Bensoussan, a laryngologist at the University of South Florida, points out that while supervised learning in medicine has its benefits, such as clinical validation, it’s often restricted by the availability of annotated data sets. HeAR’s approach overcomes this by learning from a vast and diverse set of sounds, not limited to annotated or labeled data.

In the near future, this AI could assist physicians in diagnosing diseases more quickly and accurately. It might even help in assessing lung function, providing a valuable tool in managing and treating respiratory illnesses.

The development of HeAR by Google represents an exciting advancement in the use of AI in medicine. It showcases the potential of machine learning to enhance diagnostic processes and improve patient outcomes, making it a fascinating development in the field of medical technology.

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Ron Post: The Dallas Man Who Brought Health Care to Millions

Amanda J

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In Dallas, there’s a man named Ron Post who made a huge difference in the lives of millions of people needing health care. His journey began 45 years ago when he saw something on the news that changed his life.

Post and his wife were watching a report about Cambodian refugees fleeing to Thailand from the Khmer Rouge’s “Killing Fields,” where about 2 million people died due to starvation, overwork, and execution. One image struck him hard: the frail body of a teenage girl, which reminded him of his own daughter. This moment touched his heart deeply, and he felt a strong call to take action.

“I believe God put it in my heart that I was to raise up a medical team, and I was to help them,” Post said. And that’s exactly what he did. Although he was a Dallas-based business owner with no experience in medicine, Post’s determination was unstoppable. Within just two weeks, he managed to raise $250,000 and gathered a group of 28 volunteers. Together, they traveled to Thailand to offer their assistance at a refugee camp.

That act of kindness and determination was the start of something much bigger. The organization he founded, Medical Teams International, has grown significantly over the years. Today, it helps around 3 million refugees across eight different camps, providing them with the medical care they desperately need.

But Medical Teams International didn’t stop there. They expanded their services and now operate 13 mobile dental clinics, reaching about 25,000 people every year. These clinics travel to different locations, offering dental care to those who otherwise might not have access to it.

Ron Post’s story shows how one person’s compassion and drive can lead to extraordinary achievements. From his initial heartfelt response to a crisis far from home, he built an organization that continues to provide vital health services to millions of people. Medical Teams International stands as a testament to what can be achieved when someone decides to make a positive change in the world.

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A Purr-fect Ending: How Paradise, California, United to Find Dundee the Cat

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In Paradise, California, a community came together to find a much-loved cat named Dundee, who had survived the devastating 2018 Camp Fire. Dundee’s adventure began when his owner, Suise Heffernan, took him to the vet. After the appointment, she stopped to get pet food, locking her truck with Dundee inside. But when she returned, the truck and Dundee were gone.

Surveillance footage from a nearby store showed someone breaking into the vehicle and driving off with Dundee still inside. Heffernan was especially worried because Dundee has a thyroid condition and needed his medication.

The whole community of Paradise stepped up to help find Dundee. After four long days, their efforts paid off, and Dundee was found. Heffernan had adopted Dundee in 2018, just before the Camp Fire. She lost her home, a barn, and hundreds of acres of timber in the fire. Despite being displaced, Dundee transformed from a feral cat into a warm and cuddly companion.

One community member pleaded, “Just return the cat! Trucks can be replaced, and anyone living on the ridge has lost so much already.” Heffernan shared her agony over not knowing Dundee’s whereabouts, a feeling she knew all too well from losing another cat in the Camp Fire.

Heffernan and her friends, along with independent volunteers, continued their search. Finally, on Saturday, they received a call from someone who had Dundee. A group drove to Chico that evening, where Heffernan was reunited with Dundee, who started purring immediately.

Heffernan expressed her gratitude for the community’s support: “There’s something about the people – they just come together and they are there for you. I just can’t even imagine the hours that people that I’ll never meet put in on his behalf. It is so appreciated.”

This heartwarming story showcases the power of community and the unbreakable bond between humans and their pets.

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Texas Zoo Fits Grasshopper with Miniature “Neck Brace”

Amanda J

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In a remarkable display of veterinary ingenuity, a grasshopper at a Texas zoo was fitted with a miniature “neck brace” after experiencing a unique health issue. The grasshopper, a stick-like breed known as a Peruvian jumping stick, recently underwent a common process for insects: molting. At around six months old, these grasshoppers shed their exoskeleton, allowing for growth. However, this particular grasshopper faced a challenge after molting.

According to a recent zoo blog post, the grasshopper had a weakened area around part of its body resembling a “neck” due to a crease in its thoracic region. This crease caused its head to flop backward when climbing upwards, as these grasshoppers spend most of their time in tree branches.

To address this issue, zookeepers developed a miniature neck brace to temporarily support the insect’s neck in a neutral position while its exoskeleton hardened. The brace was created using a sterile Q-tip shaft and microspore tape to secure it. This innovative solution allowed the grasshopper to continue its normal activities without further injury.

The zoo emphasized the importance of providing exceptional care to all its animals, regardless of their size. “Whether it’s a mammal, reptile, bird, or even insect, all of our animals receive extraordinary care from our veterinary team, no matter how big or small it may be,” the zoo stated.

This story highlights the dedication of zookeepers and veterinarians to the well-being of all creatures in their care and showcases the creative approaches they take to ensure the health and safety of even the smallest residents.

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The Incredible Journey of Ullr: A Dog’s Survival After an Avalanche

Jolie

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In a story that sounds like it’s straight out of a movie, a dog named Ullr, who had been missing for almost a year, was finally spotted alive and well. Ullr, a mix of Border Collie and Rottweiler, had been living in the wild all by himself after surviving an avalanche. For Jacob Dalbey, Ullr’s owner, this news was the light at the end of a very long and dark tunnel.

Jacob Dalbey’s world turned upside down on March 17, when he was caught in an avalanche near Chair Mountain while skiing with friends. The terrifying incident left Jacob seriously injured and hospitalized, and tragically, one of his friends did not survive. Amidst the chaos, Ullr, who was with them, ran away from the avalanche site. Rescue teams later found dog tracks leading away from the debris, sparking hope that Ullr had survived.

For 341 days, Jacob never gave up hope of finding his beloved pet. He set up trail cameras and left food in various locations, hoping to lure Ullr into view. And then, on a day that seemed like any other, the unimaginable happened. Ullr was captured on a trail camera not once, but two days in a row. “After 341 days, 11 months to the day…it has happened,” Jacob shared on his GoFundMe page, a platform where he had been updating supporters and raising funds to aid in the search for Ullr.

The joy and relief in Jacob’s message were palpable as he thanked his friends and supporters for their unwavering belief and support. “Knowing you believe in us really means a lot,” he wrote, acknowledging the tough journey and the difference their support made.

Jacob’s next steps are focused on bringing Ullr safely back home. In the meantime, he has asked for the community’s help in keeping an eye out for any signs of Ullr, including pawprints, barking, or sightings.

Jacob’s harrowing experience during the avalanche, where he was buried under the snow for over three hours with a broken hand and frostbitten fingers, adds a layer of awe to Ullr’s survival story. Jacob’s determination to dig himself out and survive mirrored Ullr’s own fight for survival in the wild.

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